Content (Syllabus outline)
• General principles. System, state, state functions and path functions. Gas laws. Equations of state for ideal and real gases. Critical phenomena.
• Laws of thermodynamics
Energy, work, heat. First law of thermodynamics. Enthalpy. Heat capacity. Thermochemistry. Second and third laws of thermodynamics. Entropy and entropy changes. General equilibrium conditions for closed systems. Helmholtz and Gibbs free energies.
• Open systems
Phases, components, degrees of freedom. Chemical potential. Phase rule. Clapeyron and Clausius-Clapeyron equations. Phase diagrams of one-component systems.
• Solutions
Ideal and non-ideal solutions. Partial molar properties. Raoult's and Henry's laws. Phase diagrams of two- and three-component systems. Colligative properties.
• Chemical equilibrium
Equilibrium constant. Homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria. Response of equilibria to the conditions. Le Chatelier principle.
• Chemical kinetics
Rate law and rate constant. Order and molecularity of a reaction. Consecutive, parallel and chain reactions. Reaction mechanism. Effect of temperature on reaction rate. Catalysis.
• Electrochemistry
Strong and weak electrolytes, conductivity. Galvanic cells: electromotive force, thermodynamics, and applications.
• Surface chemistry
Surface tension. Adsorption.
Prerequisites
The subject is closely connected with physics and with all branches of chemistry. To follow the lectures a good knowledge of mathematics, physics, and general chemistry is needed.