Content (Syllabus outline)
Introduction to botany, its disciplines and their description. Basic characteristics of organisms, diferences among plants fungi and animals. Place and role of plants in landscape architecture.
Morphology: The cell-basic unit of life. Elemental and molecular composition of plant cell; mineral nutrition of plants.Protoplast: cytosol, biomembranes, cell organelles. Nucleus, mitosis, meiosis. Plastids-photosynthesis.Mitochondria- cell respiration. Ergastic substances: vacuoles (osmosis, turgor, water potential), cell wall. Protists, thalophytes, mosses, cormophytes. Metagenesis. Plant tissues: Meristems (primary, secondary meristems and meristemoids). Permanent tissues: parenchyma, boundary, absorptive, supporting, conducting tissues. Mycorrhiza and other symbioses.
Stem development, growth and ramification.Primary structure. Vascular cambium and secondary growth. Wood as secondary xylem, heartwood formation; bast and rhytidome. Leaf: development, growth, structure and types of leaves. Root: development, growth, primary structure and ramification. Secondary root growth. Metamorphoses of plant body and adaptation to the environment.
Propagation of plants: sexual and asexual, metagenesis; metagenesis. Flower, fruit, seed, germination. Coevolution of plants, animals and fungi.
Systematics –Taxonomy
Foundamentals of plant classification; historical overview of systems. Species and cultivar. Organisational types and phylogenetic groups of plants and fungi. Prokaryota: archaea, bacteria, cyanobacteria. Eukaryota: algae, fungi, lichens, mosses, pteridophytes and spermatophytes. Phylogenetic stages of seed plants and their evolution. Overview of the main groups of gymno- and angiosperms.
Prerequisites
Student has to be imatriculated.
Attendance of laboratory courses and field work is compulsory. From plants collected in field trips student has to elaborate a herbarium of forest and meadow plants. Before exam student has to pass partial exams from laboratory course and plant knowledge